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Work on the Swiss National Redoubt (Schweizer Alpenfestung or Réduit Suisse) system started in 1880 and in was in use until 2010, when the larger part was shut down. Shut down in 2017, The Redoubt positions and others in Switzerland were augmented by the Bison project, which involved the installation of anti-tank guns in new bunkers at key locations to provide a modernized pre-positioned force capable of defeating modern armor. The main entrance is located just to the north of Fort Ospizio, with 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) of galleries and four 105mm gun positions. Ich werde hier sein im Sonnenschein und im Schatten, the corresponding German Wikipedia article, "L'organisation de la défense helvétique vue par les Français", "Museo Forte Airolo  (Militärhistorisches Museum in Airolo)", "Sbarramento San Gottardo – Motto Bartola", "Sbarramento San Gottardo - entrate gallerie", "Swiss Reveal Secret World: Their Defense From Nazis", "Swiss Fortress Sargans (Festung Sargans) - May 10, 1940", "Swiss Weigh Future Role of Bunkers in the Alps", cantons of Glarus, AI/AR and St. Gallen n, Association Saint-Maurice d'Études Militaires. The last stand, German National Redoubt The Alpine Fortress (German: Alpenfestung) or Alpine Redoubt was the World War II national redoubt planned by Heinrich Himmler in November/December 1943 for Germany's government and armed forces to retreat to an area from "southern Bavaria across western Austria to northern Italy". [1], In the immediate aftermath of World War I, there was little Swiss interest in further fortifications. Swiss National Redoubt (Schweizer Alpenfestung or Réduit suisse) was a defensive plan developed by the Swiss government during World War II to respond to a possible German invasion, which had been planned but was never carried out.. If invaded, the Swiss would retreat the this area and mount their defense from there. Following on from the Alpine tunnels, the National Redoubt and the plethora of fallout shelters, Switzerland is continuing to privilege its subsoil with renewed vigour today in the form of data storage. In response, the Swiss government fortified its mountainous borders in what has been dubbed the “National Redoubt. Late Victorian stuff was built at Airolo, the Oberalp Pass, Furka Pass and Grimsel Pass, all in the central Alps. The ''national redoubt,'' as the chain of citadels is called, was at the core of Switzerland's belief that its national will had steered it unscathed through the war. Zürich was the only known target in the 1960s and 1970s, but it was a long way down the Soviet target list. Guisan’s strategy was to do the exact opposite. IF YOUR AGE IS ON THE CLOCK: YOU ARE READY FOR THE GLOCK Unlike many neighboring countries, the Swiss Confederation has had a long and positivehistory of conscription. To preserve their neutrality the Swiss began building large defensive fortifications in 1940. [13][14][15][16], Battery Motto Bartola 46°32′01.15″N 8°35′17.15″E / 46.5336528°N 8.5880972°E / 46.5336528; 8.5880972 is located just up the hill from Fort Airolo and mounted an additional four 120mm guns. Work on the Swiss National Redoubt (Schweizer Alpenfestung or Réduit Suisse) system started in 1880 and in was in use until 2010, when the larger part was shut down. A proposal was developed by officers from German-speaking cantons, advocating a more compact redoubt. After I got to the trial I just made crap up. The National Redoubt encompassed a widely distributed set of fortifications on a general east-west line through the Alps, centering on three major fortress complexes, Fortresses St. Maurice … The Rhône leaves the central Alpine region through a narrow defile, between 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) mountains to the south and 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) mountains to the north. Want the text version? Diesel; Nick Ottens August 21, 2012 September 16, 2020. Older than the Swiss Confederacy – well-fortified, just like Switzerland. [24], Redoubt Hospiz 46°33′24.20″N 8°34′06.37″E / 46.5567222°N 8.5684361°E / 46.5567222; 8.5684361, also known as Forte Ospizio, was built in 1894 and operated until 1947 near the summit of the Gotthard Pass. International treaties (World political shenanigans time line). The National Redoubt was a way to preserve at least part of Swiss territory in the event of an invasion. The concept of a National Redoubt began in neutral Switzerland, surrounded by Axis territory. While the Maginot fortifications were typically armed with short-barreled 75mm fortress howitzers or 120mm mortar/howitzers, the Swiss fortifications were armed with 75mm and 120mm guns, upgraded in the 1950s to 105mm and 150mm guns. 30 Swiss Mountains throughout the country have been chosen to be the sites for new Army/Air bases. National Redoubt (Switzerland) The Swiss National Redoubt (German: Schweizer Reduit; French: Réduit suisse; Italian: Ridotto nazionale; Romansh: Reduit nazional) was a defensive plan developed by the Swiss government beginning in the 1880s to respond to foreign invasion. Although not the same as the Swiss government of course (so this is something of an aside), the International Red Cross was headquartered there, and staffed by Swiss. The Swiss did not want to be occupied by a foreign power ever again after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte! While Saint Gotthard and Saint-Maurice had been previously fortified, the area of Sargans was newly vulnerable because of a drainage program of former wetlands along the Rhine that would now provide easy access to the eastern Alpine gateway at Sargans. Abandoned by the military in 1947, the fort is maintained as a museum by a preservation group and may be visited. The Swiss national redoubt has contributed to the national self-image of Switzerland as a small, bravely defended island of peace amidst a sea of threats and wars. Hitler at first wanted to invade anyway. At the prospect of a German invasion, the Swiss improved and invested heavily in their ‘National Redoubt’ (The Swiss National Defense Plan). The National Redoubt encompassed a widely distributed set of fortifications on a general east-west line through the Alps, centering on three major fortress complexes: Fortresses St. Maurice, St. Gotthard, and Sargans. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. [40], In 1995, the Swiss army was reduced from 750,000 troops to 400,000. It is sometimes referred to as "Downtown Switzerland" for publicity reasons. If invaded, the Swiss would retreat the this area and mount their defense from there. Main article: National Redoubt (Switzerland) Plan of the Defence lines of the Swiss National Redoubt. Zürich was also accidentally bombed during World War II. Many mountains are very high, snowy and dificult to clime, The Eiger is a 3,970-metre (13,020 ft) mountain of the Bernese Alps, overlooking Grindelwald and Lauterbrunnen in the Bernese Oberland, just north of the main watershed and border with Valais. Faced with this overwhelming force, the Swiss evolved the concept of the "national redoubt" (Réduit national). The only comparatively easy access to the upper Rhône valley, and thus to the western National Redoubt, is through Saint-Maurice. Fortress Saint-Maurice is a series of fortifications set into the mountain… The Battery Motto Bartola was The Battery Foppa Grande was installed in 1953 and was deactivated in 1997 all of the installations were deactivated by 2010. The position was used until 1999. During World War 2, the Swiss developed their National Redoubt Plan, whereby the Army would cede the cities in the lowlands to the enemy and retreat into fortresses and bunkers in the Alps, where they would deny passage through the mountains and therefore defeat the main purpose of invading Switzerland in the first place. Basel is a small enclave of the Rhine River Valley, Aargau is a similar flat land and far south is pre-Alpine flat land. About 40% speak the local Züritüütsch dialect and a total of about 65% the population speak Swiss Standard German or it's dialects. A national redoubt is a concept where the military forces of a nation can be withdrawn to in in the case of a military defeat. The fort consists of an eastern battery overlooking the Leventina valley and a western battery overlooking the Bedretto valley and the main pass. Many billions of francs have been invested in building the fortifications in the mountains, which are partly still used by the army. Signup for your FREE trial to The Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/dCMa30hIugB If you happen to like our videos and have a few bucks to spare to support our efforts, check out our Patreon page where we've got a variety of perks for our Patrons, including Simon's voice on your GPS and the ever requested Simon Whistler whistling package: https://www.patreon.com/TodayIFoundOut The Great Courses Plus is currently available to watch through a web browser to almost anyone in the world and optimized for the US, UK, and Australian markets. Zürich is the most populated town today with ~300,000 people and has been the lead population cener a century. The Swiss, lacking a significant armored force, drew the conclusion that withdrawal to the redoubt was the only sound course. These regions were … The plan was three staged, first to hold an invading army on the border, if that failed to launch a delaying war that would allow the bulk of Swiss forces to withdraw to a defensible perimeter in the Swiss Alps, and three to defen… Not only was the risk high, the reward wasn’t tremendously great for Hitler either. The National Redoubt has seen many of its fortresses and bunkers turned into museums in the last Few years and Switzerland is planning on downsizing its military from around 200,000 to only 80,000 by the year 2020. The gold reserves of the Swiss National Bank in Zürich were moved farther away from the German border, from Zürich to the Gotthard Pass and to Bern. A determined resistance war would then insure Swiss national survival. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. a mirage iiirs in front of aircraft cavern y in buochs. The dense network of passive and active barriers and large and small fortifications allowed considerable flexibility in the disposition of Swiss forces and represented an almost-optimal scenario of defence in depth. Shut down in 2017, Fort Castels is as of 2012 still in use by the Swiss military. [27], Infantry positions: A number of small infantry bunkers exist near the top of the pass, most notably Bunker No. The concept of "réduit" is a recurring theme in Swiss defense theory. [citation needed], The Réduit features at the center of Swiss writer Christian Kracht´s 2008 dystopian novel Ich werde hier sein im Sonnenschein und im Schatten. With the concentration of the armed forces in the Alps, the military airfields located in the Swiss Central Plateau region were not adequately defended, therefore they had to be replaced by airfields in the Redoubt … [17][18][19], Battery Foppa Grande mounted one 105mm gun in a camouflaged turret above Motto Bartola, with three 20mm anti-aircraft guns. The Swiss Alps with some of the highest mountains in Europe, who's tops are on occasion covered in local glaciers and have lakes in many of there valleys. The Swiss Nation is already well known for its preparations yet we must continue. because réduit strategy 1 of deterrence, part of overt , public, , played part in so-called intellectual defence of homeland , or geistige landesverteidigung attempting improve morale , cohesiveness of nation. In response, the Swiss government fortified its mountainous borders in what has been dubbed the “National Redoubt.” But the bunkers far outlasted World War II. On 25 July 1940, the Swiss defensive plan was disseminated dictating a fallback to the Alps in the event of an Axis attack, focusing in particular on the Gotthard massif and destroying all access points as necessary once inside. In the opening years of the Second World War the plan was expanded and refined to deal with a potential German invasion. Fort du Scex is situated 1½ km northwest of Lavey-les-Bains. In its invasion plan, Operation Tannenbaum, Germany planned to capture Geneva and Lucerne, and Italy would capture the Alps; both countries would then divide Switzerland. The three fortresses’ purpose is to secure the central alpine region of Switzerland against potential invaders. The army was shifted to the center of the country, leaving industries and population centres relatively unprotected. About the St. Maurice Fortress The plan worked on the basis that the Swiss army would give up control of the populated central areas and direct its focus to the main transportation links. The Guisan plan was developed Swiss General Henri Guisan and involved extensive fortifications along the River Rhine and at Vallorbe in the Jura and in other places. The extent of the area designated as Fortress Saint-Maurice is not clearly defined, but according to the Association Fort de Litroz, the Saint-Maurice sector comprises the Rhône narrows from just north of Saint-Maurice to Martigny, excluding Chillon and Champillon, as well as the fortifications of the lateral valleys. The three fortresses’ purpose is to secure the central alpine region of Switzerland against potential invaders. The Swiss guns were typically casemate-mounted or turret-mounted long guns, not howitzers, and were more akin to naval guns than fortress guns. Besides cannons and howitzers, the infrastructure consisted of dormitories, kitchens, field hospitals, rooms for the sick, bakeries, and enough space to accommodate 100 to 600 soldiers for up to several months. A national redoubt or national fortress is an area to which the (remnant) forces of a nation can be withdrawn if the main battle has been lost or even earlier if defeat is considered inevitable. Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea! Fort Magletsch is as of 2012 still in use by the Swiss military. The Swiss strategy sought to exact a high price from any direct ground attack on Swiss territory. Find link is a tool written by Edward Betts.. Longer titles found: National Redoubt (Switzerland) (), National Redoubt (Belgium) () searching for National redoubt 41 found (113 total) alternate case: national redoubt Fort Breendonk (2,841 words) case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article →Some of our favorites: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLR0XuDegDqP10d4vrztQ0fVzNnTiQBEAA →Subscribe for new videos every day! This strategy was intended to deter an invasion altogether by denying Switzerland's crucial transportation infrastructure to an aggressor. The National Redoubt was a way to preserve at least part of Swiss territory in the event of an invasion. : http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2016/09/hollow-moutains-exploding-bridges-switzerland-neutral-long/ Sources: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/20/world/europe/20swiss.html?pagewanted=all http://io9.gizmodo.com/5919581/how-switzerland-camouflaged-its-ready-to-explode-architecture-during-the-cold-war http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21379912 http://swiss-government-politics.all-about-switzerland.info/swiss-history-traditions.html http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/why-is-switzerland-a-neutral-country http://www.businessinsider.com/switzerlands-military-defenses-2012-6?IR=T https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Redoubt_(Switzerland) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Switzerland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Tannenbaum https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoney_War https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimm%E2%80%93Hoffmann_affair https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Armed_Forces https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland Image Credit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Karte_Helvetik_4.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acte_de_M%C3%A9diation_mg_0643.jpg https://get.pxhere.com/photo/airplane-aircraft-vehicle-airline-aviation-flight-switzerland-ww2-bomber-takeoff-air-show-air-force-jet-aircraft-me-262-fighter-aircraft-military-aircraft-air14-payerne-knife-schmid-atmosphere-of-earth-aircraft-engine-618260.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WW2_Dispositif_Limmat_map.jpg https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Basel_Tattoo_(6).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Swiss_Shooting_(3),_Unspunnenfest_Interlaken_2017.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panzerturm.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ReduitSchweiz.gif https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Construction_site_of_the_army_in_the_Swiss_Alps._Since_the_time_of_the_Swiss_National_Redoubt_the_mountains_are_already_undermined._This_fact_is_utilized_by_private_companies_as_well_as_by_the_(19058147502).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Second_world_war_europe_1941-1942_map_en.png Music from Jukedeck - create your own at http://jukedeck.com. ... rather than any reference to the Nazi’s “National Redoubt” scheme at the end of World War II. 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