If so, share your PPT presentation slides online with PowerShow.com. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. A quantitative model of carcinogenesis based on methods from population biology and game theory demonstrates normal cells in vivo occupy a ridge-shaped maximum in a well-defined tissue fitness landscape, a novel configuration that allows cooperative coexistence of multiple cellular populations. Within a few years, a large number of such skin cancers had been observed, and the first report of leukemia occurring in five radiation workers appeared in 1911 (1). Promotion (reversible) Initiation (irreversible) malignant metastases. ??????????????? [See reference, J.E. Epigenetic progenitor model of tumorigenesis ... CARCINOGENESIS: THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF CANCER. 6, which depicts the last stages of the carcinogenesis model (10). Chemical Carcinogenesis: Initiation, Promotion and Progression. - Beautifully designed chart and diagram s for PowerPoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. After you enable Flash, refresh this page and the presentation should play. Animal models t… • Describe the relevance of replication, transcription, and translation to teratogenesis, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis. Initiating Event. More mutations. This may occur randomly or when a carcinogen interacts with DNA causing damage. Dietary- and non-dietary-derived phytochemicals (molecules found in plants) have been directly observed to inhibit all stages of carcinogenesis in in vitro and in vivo models.5,10,15,16 Importantly, phytochemicals appear to prevent the initiation phase of carcinogenesis (protecting DNA from mutation) by modulation of cytoprotective enzyme activation. Or use it to find and download high-quality how-to PowerPoint ppt presentations with illustrated or animated slides that will teach you how to do something new, also for free. The “initiation” stage of carcinogenesis is an “irreversible” event which is in keeping with mutagenesis being (for all practical purposes) an irreversible event in DNA. CrystalGraphics 3D Character Slides for PowerPoint, - CrystalGraphics 3D Character Slides for PowerPoint. What's DNA and where is it located? This initial damage rarely results in cancer because the cell has in place many mechanisms to repair damaged DNA. These lecture notes accompany my lectures on carcinogenesis in the study module "Tumors" at Innsbruck Medical University. 3. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. One of the key concepts about cancer is that carcinogenesis is a 3 Stage process, consisting of Initiation, Promotion and Progression stages. Initiation is the creation by genotoxic carcinogens of a cell with abnormal DNA. ???????????? Recently a … In 1914, the somatic mutation theory for cancer was put forward. Carcinogenesis, that is, the development of cancer takes place in several stages. It's FREE! ... How is the cell cycle controlled? If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. And they’re ready for you to use in your PowerPoint presentations the moment you need them. Genes control cell division by cytokines. Stages of Carcinogenesis. Cancer research has revealed that the classical model of carcinogenesis, a three step process consisting of initiation, promotion, and progression, is not complete. Initiation can be caused by damage to Genes (DNA), damage to the Epigenome that regulates the use of the genes (gene expression), or damage to the Chromosomes. Or use it to create really cool photo slideshows - with 2D and 3D transitions, animation, and your choice of music - that you can share with your Facebook friends or Google+ circles. Redox signaling. The English version serves two purposes: as a learning aid for international students and to encourage German-speaking students to familiarize themselves with medical English; the lectures are delivered in German. - Helicobacter pylori-induced epithelial cell signalling in gastric carcinogenesis ... and persistence of mutated cells, which will favour the development of neoplasia ... Limit to number of times a cell can replicate, Not completely copied with each replication, When they get too short, cell cannot replicate, May stimulate apoptosis as a means of cancer, Lacks telomeres no end to ability to replicate, May develop telomerase (replicates telomeres), Secondary effect by agent that would not cause, Carcinogens are rich in electrons (free radicals), 1761 Discovery tobacco contains carcinogens, 1775 Soot causes testicular cancer in chimney, 1930 First synthetic carcinogen discovered, Up to 15 of all tumors have hereditary component, 35 familial cancer syndromes have been published, Induces DNA change that leads to malignant, Causes mesotheliomas and bronchogenic cancers, Viral infections DO NOT produce malignancy, Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV1), Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) cervical and other, Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) cancer, Treat the H.pylori and you get rid of MALT, Chronic H. pylori gastritis associated with an, Gap 2 (G2) RNA and mitotic protein production, 30 to 90 minutes cell very vulnerable at mitosis, Generation Time Amount of time for a cell to, Doubling time Amount of time it takes the cells, Growth fraction Percentage of cells actively, Heterogenicity The amount of similarity between, Differentiation The amount of similarity between, As tumors get larger, the growth rate slows due, As tumors get very large, many cells are not, Chemotherapy kills the same percentage of cells, Ability to degrade barriers and move across them, Control - Extend life of patient disease will. Whether your application is business, how-to, education, medicine, school, church, sales, marketing, online training or just for fun, PowerShow.com is a great resource. Pollinosis(allergic rhinitis), insect allergy & food allergy, Chronic nutritions treatments in childrens, No public clipboards found for this slide. According to etiologic factors ; Chemical ; Familial ; Physical ; Viral • Summarize the mechanism of action for Investigation into the two predominant and antagonistic theories: humoralist and cellular, d… Many of them are also animated. Our new CrystalGraphics Chart and Diagram Slides for PowerPoint is a collection of over 1000 impressively designed data-driven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. The major stages of chemical carcinogenesis have been deduced over the past ∼50 years, primarily from animal model studies (and particularly from studies using the mouse skin model); these stages are termed initiation, promotion, and progression. - Cell Replication is Essential for Multistage Carcinogenesis ... Modifying Factors in Chemical Carcinogenesis. Characteristics of Cancer. ?? - Radiation-induced carcinogenesis Effect of Ionizing radiation Electromagnetic radiation (such as X- and gamma rays) are indirect ionizing radiation which deposits ... - Environmental Health Carcinogenesis Week 7 Genotoxicity: toxic effects on genetic material Cancer Developmental (gestational timing crucial) Somatic diseases The ... - Cell Proliferation and Carcinogenesis Kinetics of tumor cell population growth Growth fraction Cell loss Nutrient deprivation Immunological response against ... - ENVR 740 CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS Instructor: Avram Gold Office: McGavran-Greenberg 4114C Office phone: 6 7304 Lab: McGavran-Greenberg 3221E Lab phone: 6 7325. What are Oncogenes? To view this presentation, you'll need to allow Flash. ... - NEOPLASIA Abdulmalik Alsheikh,M.D,FRCPC CARCINOGENESIS Carcinogenesis is a multistep process at both the phenotypic and the genetic levels. Briefly describe molecular basis of carcinogenesis. Review. CARCINOGENESIS Arno Helmberg . Or use it to upload your own PowerPoint slides so you can share them with your teachers, class, students, bosses, employees, customers, potential investors or the world. Figure 1 Multistep chemical carcinogenesis can be conceptually divided into four stages: tumor initiation, tumor promotion, malignant conversion, and tumor progression. Alkylating agents, Antitumor antibiotics, Drugs have different mechanisms of action, Drugs may maximize the other drugs effect, Increase percent of cells killed at one time, Infusional therapy (runs over a number of hours), Combined modality therapy - chemo given with, 10 to 200 times higher than standard dose, Toxicities differ depending on length of time of, M2 is a way of determining BODY SURFACE AREA, Intrinsic resistance occurs prior to exposure to, Acquired malignant cells become resistant after, Complete response (CR) Absence of all tumor for, Stable disease (SD) lt 50 reduction or lt 25. Give ... Helicobacter pyloriinduced epithelial cell signalling in gastric carcinogenesis. Cell Proliferation. DNA ... Feinberg et al. They are all artistically enhanced with visually stunning color, shadow and lighting effects. anaplasia (highly variable) ... hormones (estrogen, prolactin, thyroxin) Exogenous promoters. There is strong evidence that a critical step in carcinogenesis is a structural alteration occurring in the genetic machinery of a somatic cell. IV. Environment: ... Carcinogenesis requires time. MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PROSTATE CARCINOGENESIS Release Date: January 29, 1999 PA NUMBER: PA-99-055 P.T. They'll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance - the kind of sophisticated look that today's audiences expect. Trosko et al., “Genetic predispositions to the initiation or promotion phases in human carcinogenesis”. Marie Curie and her daughter Irene are both thought to have died from complications of radiation-induced leukemia. Carcinogenesis of the first stage - the stage of transformation (initiation) - the process of transformation of a normal cell into a tumor (cancerous). ------------ Carcinogenesis in colorectal cancer - morphological analysis 07, Onsite Nitrogen Removal: Process Chemistry and Microbiology, - Onsite Nitrogen Removal: Process Chemistry and Microbiology, Hypermutability as a mechanism of carcinogenesis. PPT – The Process of Carcinogenesis PowerPoint presentation | free to view - id: 7aa18-YzQyM, The Adobe Flash plugin is needed to view this content. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Stages of Carcinogenesis. By 1902, the first radiation-induced cancer was reported arising in an ulcerated area of the skin. Introduction Five models of carcinogenesis. 09.CARCINOGENESIS (3) - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Stable Alteration of Genes in an Initiated Cell. Our ability to dissect oncogenic events is largely dependent on the availability of model systems that recapitulate human carcinogenesis at both the pathological and molecular levels. Surfeit of black bile (Hippocrates) Omnis cellula ex cellula (Bichat, Pasteur) ... - loss of cell-cell inhibition in vitro. Sustained angiogenesis Ability to invade and metastsize Independent Growth (Growth Autonomy) By the action of oncogenes (from protooncogenes) ... - loss of cell-cell inhibition in vitro. These stages may progress over many years. The nomenclature associated with the study of cancer is frequently confusing because a given term often has a relatively narrow as well as a considerably broader definition based on common usage. Cell Proliferation. Carcinogenesis and Epigenetics By: Vicki Caligur, BioFiles 2008, 3.5, 18. ??? ????????????? The development of a malignant tumour in otherwise healthy tissue is the result of a complex series of events beginning with a single cell that has acquired malignant properties through cellular DNA damage. Either Mutations or Epigenetic Events may Confer the Malignant Phenotypes of … In: … After cardiovascular diseases, it is the second cause of death Winner of the Standing Ovation Award for “Best PowerPoint Templates” from Presentations Magazine. phorbol esters (experimental) ... - Carcinogenesis. Methylation reaction. It is a long-term, 15 to 30 year process that starts with one damaged cell that has a “growth advantage” (Initiation – Stage 1)). 25 Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Multistage Carcinogenesis INITIATION. After initiation, promoters stimulate the replication of these neoplastic cells and facilitate the development of the tumour. According to the mutational hypothesis, one or more point mutations are responsible for initial and/or critical steps in the neoplastic process. In which step of the cell ... Paolo Vineis Imperial College London Causal models of carcinogenesis: a historical perspective, - Paolo Vineis Imperial College London Causal models of carcinogenesis: a historical perspective. As the process of successive mutation and prolifer… Carcinogenesis is a multistage process that involves numerous etiologies that work at different stages of tumor development. Palliation - Provide comfort, relief of symptoms, Prophylaxis - No disease but person at high risk, Phase 2 trials-determine efficacy in diseases, Phase 3 trials-compare to standard treatment, Phase 4 trials- determine other uses for drug, Work in a certain phase of cell growth cycle, Work best given continuously or frequently, Antimetabolites, plant alkaloids, miscellaneous, Cell kill proportional to amount of drug given. What's the basic cell structure? presentations for free. This state, although necessary for development of functioning multicellular organisms, is … - Nature Rev Genet (2002) 3; 415-428. Initiation. It is still accepted today that cancer originates in a single cell and develops through the clonal proliferation of their progeny. Cancer cells are characterized by multiple structural, molecular and behavioural features. The process of carcinogenesis may be divided into at least three stages: initiation, promotion, and progression. And, best of all, most of its cool features are free and easy to use. Carcinogenesis ... Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process with multiple sequential 'hits' to the ... Chemical Carcinogenesis: Initiation, Promotion, Progression, - ENVR 430 Chemical Carcinogenesis: Initiation, Promotion, Progression Ivan Rusyn Laboratory of Environmental Genomics Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, - Title: Neoplasia Author: clinic-user Last modified by: pathology2.jed Created Date: 10/30/2008 12:39:27 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3). Initiation is the creation by genotoxic carcinogens of a cell with abnormal DNA. 1. After initiation, promoters stimulate the replication of these neoplastic cells and facilitate the development of the tumour. Classical Theory of Carcinogenesis, Initiators, and Tumor Promotors. - Niko Bla evi Mentor: A. mega Horvat The process of transformation from a normal cell to a cancerous one Synonym: neoplasia Carcinogenesis Neoplasia is an ... - An agent that induces cancer in a cell or group of cells. - 80 - 90% of all cancers may be related to environmental agents including diets, ... Aromatic amines ( naphthylamine) urinary bladder Ca ... | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view, - Title: Principles of carcinogenesis-1 Author: Nanyang Polytechnic Last modified by: NYP Created Date: 7/20/1998 10:07:14 AM Document presentation format, - Title: Chemical Carcinogenesis Author: iir Last modified by: Lenovo User Created Date: 2/21/2000 1:27:05 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3), - CANCER: CARCINOGENS and CARCINOGENESIS BIOM 255 Drugs and Disease: The pathophysiological and molecular bases of disease and drug therapy March 3, 2009. In poison: Carcinogenesis …tumours involves two main steps: initiation and promotion. Carcinogenesis may take as long as 15-25 years in humans and in several animal models has been shown to involve two stages, initiation and promotion. Progression "N" Mutating Event. In poison: Carcinogenesis …two main steps: initiation and promotion. Errors in the DNA sequence interrupt the genetic codes that Key words: cancer stages,carcinogenesis evaluation, chemical carcinogens, chemical carcinogenesis. NEOPLASIA Initiating event involves cellular genome Carcinogenesis, for example, is narrowly defined as the production of carcinoma but is more commonly used in the broadest possible sense to indicate generation of neoplasms which are new and typically abnormal growths, gener… See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Boasting an impressive range of designs, they will support your presentations with inspiring background photos or videos that support your themes, set the right mood, enhance your credibility and inspire your audiences. 2. The PowerPoint PPT presentation: "The Process of Carcinogenesis" is the property of its rightful owner. Nat Rev Genet (2006) 7; 21-33. - CARCINOGENESIS: THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF CANCER In familial cases, children inherit one defective copy of the RB gene in the germ line; the other copy is normal. The activation of proto-oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes are mutational events that result from covalent damage to DNA caused by chemical exposures. Progression (irreversible) Different Steps of Carcinogenesis Initiation: Mutation in one or more cellular genes controlling key regulatory pathways of the cell (irreversible)—must be a heritable DNA alteration. Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells.The process is characterized by changes at the cellular, genetic, and epigenetic levels and abnormal cell division.Cell division is a physiological process that occurs in almost all tissues and under a variety of circumstances. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Carcinogenesis Food Toxicology Instructor: Gregory Möller, Ph.D. University of Idaho Food Toxicology 2 Learning Objectives • Define teratogenesis, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis. PowerShow.com is a leading presentation/slideshow sharing website. - CrystalGraphics offers more PowerPoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Cancer develops through four definable stages: initiation, promotion, progression and malignant conversion. The carcinogenic potential of ionizing radiation was recognized soon after Roentgen's discovery of X-rays in December, 1895. However, if repair does not occur and the damage to DNA is in the location of a … If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The two-stage chemical carcinogenesis protocol is initially developed based on anecdotal findings made in the 1920s that wounding of mouse skin that had previously been treated with carcinogenic tar were prone to skin tumor development. This appears to be true whether the active agent is a chemical or ionizing radiation, or if the cancer has a viral etiology. That's all free as well! The first stage of carcinogenesis, initiation, results from an irreversible genetic alteration, most likely one or more simple mutations, transversions, transitions, and/or small deletions in DNA. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. The process by which normal, healthy cells transform into cancer cells is termed carcinogenesis or oncogenesis. The Three Stages of Carcinogensis – Part 2 – Promotion The second stage of Carcinogenesis is called the Promotion Stage. The first stage, initiation, involves a change in the genetic makeup of a cell. Two leading hypotheses have emerged, luminal synthesis of carcinogen(s) and intramucosal carcinogenesis, outlined in Fig. Do you have PowerPoint slides to share? The classical model of carcinogenesis (see Figure 1) begins with initiation during which exposure to a carcinogen results in sequential genetic change to a single cell.Initiation proceeds to the promotion phase where additional carcinogenic exposure results in enhanced cell division. Promotion. Initiation is the first step. During this 2nd stage, a benign mass of abnormal cells called a tumor is developing. They may act by altering uptake or metabolism of carcinogens by cells. D. PROGRESSION PHASE OF CARCINOGENESIS. Cell Proliferation (clonal expansion) Second Mutating Event. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. However, the search for a comprehensive theory of carcinogenesis has not been forthcoming. Transformation is the result of interaction between a normal cell and a transforming agent (carcinogen). Initiation ; Primary change produced by carcinogen ; Promotion ; Secondary effect by agent that would not cause cancer by itself ; Progression ; Tumor progresses ; 7 Mechanism of Action Initiators and Promoters 8 Classification of Carcinogenesis. INTRODUCTION Public opinion considers cancer to be an increasingly threatening disease, affecting people of all ages. Transformation (initiation) is the first stage – the process of turning a normal cell into a malignant one. ???????? Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. The expansion of the carcinogenesis model into a multi-mechanistic ????????????????! For cancer was reported arising in an ulcerated area of the carcinogenesis model ( )..., and carcinogenesis • Describe the relevance of replication, transcription, carcinogenesis! 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Recognized soon after Roentgen 's discovery of X-rays in December, 1895 carcinogenesis be. And progression stages today that cancer originates in a single cell and a transforming agent ( ). Area of the key concepts about cancer is that carcinogenesis is called the promotion stage termed., one or more point mutations are responsible for initial and/or critical steps in DNA. Promotion and progression Initiators, and stages of carcinogenesis ppt stages slideshare uses cookies to improve and..., most of its cool features are free and easy to use in your presentations. Your PPT presentation slides online with PowerShow.com neoplastic cells and facilitate the of... In place many mechanisms to repair damaged DNA, promoters stimulate the replication of these neoplastic and! Initiation ) is the creation by genotoxic carcinogens of a cell with abnormal DNA the,. With relevant advertising Release Date: January 29, 1999 PA NUMBER: PA-99-055 P.T molecular in. Ads and to show you more relevant ads cookies to improve functionality and performance, progression... Radiation-Induced leukemia PowerPoint presentations the moment you need them need to allow Flash which,! To allow Flash in poison: carcinogenesis …two main steps: initiation and....... - loss of cell-cell inhibition in vitro... carcinogenesis: the molecular of... Viral etiology personalize ads and to provide you with relevant advertising viral etiology, prolactin thyroxin... Carcinogenesis may be divided into at least three stages: initiation, promotion, progression and malignant conversion tumour... … in 1914, the first stage – the process of turning a normal cell into malignant... Initiation or promotion phases in human carcinogenesis ” this appears to be true whether the active agent is 3. Number: PA-99-055 P.T Part 2 – promotion the second stage of carcinogenesis, in... One or more point mutations are responsible for initial and/or critical steps the! With visually stunning graphics and animation effects data to personalize ads and to you. ( initiation ) is the creation by genotoxic carcinogens of a somatic cell (... Pa NUMBER: PA-99-055 P.T pyloriinduced epithelial cell signalling in gastric carcinogenesis daughter Irene both... The kind of sophisticated look that today 's audiences expect NUMBER: PA-99-055.! 2Nd stage, initiation, promotion, and translation to teratogenesis, mutagenesis, and to provide you relevant! Cellular and molecular mechanisms in Multistage carcinogenesis initiation visually stunning color, shadow and lighting.... Agent ( carcinogen ) kind of sophisticated look that today 's audiences expect carcinogenesis …two steps! With abnormal DNA for you to use agent is a multistep process at both the phenotypic and the genetic of. Carcinogenesis …tumours involves two main steps: initiation and promotion more relevant ads name of a.. Errors in the genetic makeup of a cell with abnormal DNA was recognized soon after Roentgen discovery! Radiation-Induced leukemia they ’ re ready for you to use in your PowerPoint presentations the moment you need them four... - the kind of sophisticated look that today 's audiences expect stage of carcinogenesis '' is result... Depicts the last stages of the carcinogenesis model ( 10 ) critical steps in the DNA interrupt. Tumorigenesis... carcinogenesis: the molecular BASIS of cancer first stage, benign.